Seasonal Changes in Weed Vegetation on Arable Pannonian Sand and Loess Lands in Hungary

Abstract

Coenological records were made in Hungary's main sand and loess agricultural habitat types. The coverage of each species in monthly changes and their expansion can be tracked from the edge to the inner area of arable areas. Tests were made in autumn and spring aspect monthly. During recording percent estimation method was applied. Sample areas have been identified randomly and theses were modified 1×1 m quadrates according to Németh (2002). From each plots, six boxes were tested. Both edges and infield areas were assessed in 3-3 replicates. Recordings were made in 2010 and 2011, but former data were also used in order to review the rating of the last 50 years. Results clearly separated the weed species of sand and loess areas. Besides common species, incremental plants also appeared. Monthly recordings drew the phenological phases of species. Weed vegetation changes can be tracked and the results help to improve defense efficiency against weeds.