Possibilities of Recycling End-of-Life Ro Membrane Modules as a Low-Cost Alternative to Water Treatment

Abstract

This study explores the possibilities of recycling end-of-life reverse osmosis membranes as a significant low-cost alternative to water treatment, addressing both waste reduction and affordable filtration solutions. Although reverse osmosis membranes play a vital role in water treatment, the limited lifespan of membrane modules presents environmental and economic challenges. Reverse osmosis membrane modules consist of multiple layers - including polymeric membranes, support materials and adhesives - often combined with fiberglass or metal housings, which makes the separation of individual materials and recovery difficult. Currently, most end-of-life membranes are disposed of in landfills or incinerated, resulting in ecological issues and the loss of valuable resources. Therefore, the drive to recycle and reuse end-of-life membranes over recent years stems from a desire to maximize resource efficiency and lower their environmental impact. The ability to reuse end-of-life reverse osmosis membranes as well as downcycle them into membranes with nanofiltration or ultrafiltration properties is the most effective and promising solution, providing such membranes with effective levels of water permeability and pollutant rejection comparable to commercial membranes.