A Review of the Determination of Diclofenac Sodium With Electrochemically Modified Sensors in Various Biological, Pharmaceutical and Water Sources

Abstract

Diclofenac sodium (DCF) has attracted must attention because it is one of the most common pharmaceuticals in water matrices and can potentially harm aquatic life. Although most techniques used to analyze it are expensive and require highly trained professionally to operate such equipment, it is possible to detect DCF with electrochemical sensors. Despite being able to identify this contaminant in different samples (tablets, blood, urine), only a few articles have been reported regarding the testing of DCF in wastewater. Therefore, the papers selected in this review were organized according to the type of modifier used in the working electrode. Furthermore, recent improvements in the detection of diclofenac by electrochemical techniques in pharmaceutical formulations, biological fluids and environmental materials are discussed along with a brief description of the results and methods employed in research.